化工原理课教学方式的改革与探索

为调动学生自主学习兴趣,培养其解决工程实际问题的能力和创新能力,我们对化工原理课程(理论课、实验课和课程设计)的授课方式等进行了改进,即在教师的配备、教学内容及时间的设置上,进行了改进,并提出了改进的具体措施,取得了成效。     

优质硅砖生产中原料除铁工艺及添加剂自动添加系统的研发

为提高硅砖的成品率和性能指标,进一步降低产品能耗,研究了硅砖生产过程中容易影响制品性能和成品率的关键环节和设备,并参考国内外先进技术,研发出原料除铁工艺及添加剂、矿化剂自动添加系统,确定了优质硅砖生产线相应环节的最佳技术方案,最大限度地提高了成品质量并降低能耗。     

结构胶胶接接头耐久性的研究进展

结构胶是胶黏剂中具有高强度、耐高温、高耐久特性的一类胶黏剂的总称,主要用于部件中承受载荷的胶接连接。胶接接头的耐久性能是结构胶应用中的一个重要指标。主要从影响胶接接头耐久性的内在因素和外在因素以及实验室研究方法对结构胶胶接接头耐久性的研究进展进行综述。     

NMR water self‐diffusion and relaxation studies on sodium polyacrylate solutions and gels in physiologic ionic solutions

Water self‐diffusion coefficients and longitudinal relaxation rates in sodium polyacrylate solutions and gels were measured by NMR, as a function of polymer content and structure in a physiological concentration range of monovalent and divalent cations, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺. Several physical models describing the self‐diffusion of the solvent were applied and compared. A free‐volume model was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results over a wide range of polymer concentrations. The longitudinal relaxation rate exhibited linear dependence on polymer concentration below a critical concentration and showed non‐linear behavior at higher concentrations. Both the water self‐diffusion and relaxation were less influenced by the polymer in the gel state than in the uncrosslinked polymer solutions. The effect of Na⁺ on the mobility of water molecules was practically undetectable. In contrast, addition of Ca²⁺ strongly increased the longitudinal relaxation rate while its effect on the self‐diffusion coefficient was much less pronounced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 40001.     

The crystallization morphology evolution of polyoxymethylene/poly(ethylene oxide) blend micropart prepared under microinjection molding conditions

This article is the first study on the microinjection molding and the effects of the microprocessing parameters on the crystallization and orientation of polyoxymethylene/poly(ethylene oxide) (POM/PEO) blend, which has better toughness and self‐lubricity compared with the neat POM and therefore is a better candidate material for making microparts like microgears with higher performances. The crystalline and phase morphologies were investigated by polarized light microscope (PLM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystalline orientation of the microparts was evaluated by two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (2D‐WAXD) and Herman's orientation function. The experimental results showed that both POM and POM/PEO microparts prepared by microinjection molding exhibited three distinct layers, i.e., skin layer, shear layer and core layer, while the latter had thicker shear layer but thinner skin layer and core layer. PEO was well dispersed in POM matrix. The spherulite size, the melting point as well as the crystallinity of POM in the POM/PEO blend decreased due to the interference of PEO in the crystallization of POM. A shish‐kebab structure was observed in the shear layers of the POM/PEO microparts. The effects of processing parameters on the thicknesses of different layers of the POM/PEO microparts were investigated. With increase of the injection speed or decrease of the mold temperature, the skin layer and the core layer became thicker, while the shear layer and the oriented region became thinner. However, the influence of the injection pressure was not obvious. Also, the processing parameters affected the crystalline orientation of the POM/PEO microparts. With increase of the injection speed or decrease of the mold temperature, the orientation function f decreased, indicating a lower degree of orientation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40538.     

Strategy for self-assembly of the poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) to microspheres: optimizing the self-assembling conditions

Self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers upon slow precipitation was comprehensively studied by suffusion of a vapor of non-solvents into polymer solutions. However, it was reported that only copolymers with steric hindrance in their backbone tended to form ordered spheres, while homopolymers having a single monomer component were hard to form ordered microstructure. This article presented here a strategy for the self-assembly of microspheres of a π-conjugated polymer having a single monomer component, e.g., poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PDHF). The microspheres of PDHF were fabricated in the methanol vapor by the non-solvent vapor method. To obtain the optimized assembling parameters, the effect of self-assembling conditions including polymer concentration, the injection volume, the types of the non-solvent vapor, and solvent on the microstructural formation of PDHF were well investigated. The experimental results indicated that the increase of polymer concentration and injection volume led to the increase of partial aggregate of the spheres. Besides, the relatively uniform microsphere could be easily obtained with the concentration ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL, and the injection volume of 5.0 μL in the methanol vapor. Furthermore, the polar solvent was advantageous to form well-ordered microspheres in the methanol vapor.     

高固体分、高羟值聚酯树脂的合成及性能研究

通过设计羟基聚酯树脂分子结构,选择六氢苯酐、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯等原料,制备了高固体分、高羟值聚酯树脂,研究了不同原材料及合成工艺对树脂性能的影响。结果表明:采用脂环族二元酸制备的聚酯树脂综合性能优于芳香族及脂肪族二元酸制备的聚酯树脂;三羟乙基异氰脲酸酯分子中的环状结构对相邻的酯键起到了"屏蔽"作用,提高了树脂的耐水性;叔碳酸缩水甘油酯用量为固体树脂总量的15%时聚酯树脂的综合性能较好。     

液态渣在预拌抹灰砂浆中的应用技术研究

在预拌抹灰砂浆中,液态渣有作掺和料和骨料两种方式应用。实验研究了粉磨时间、激发剂对液态渣粉磨性能的影响,以及破碎液态渣部分取代天然砂后的混合骨料颗粒级配对预拌抹灰砂浆各项性能的影响。结果表明:(1)将液态渣粉料取代水泥作为掺和料使用时,粉磨液态渣时加入激发剂可提高其活性,选用1h粉磨时间较为合适。(2)当破碎液态渣替代部分天然砂拌制抹灰砂浆时,破碎液态渣的掺配比例控制在40%左右是可行的。     

钯膜及钯膜反应器的研究进展

钯基膜具有很高的透氢速率和透氢选择性以及良好的化学和热稳定性,一直是膜技术领域的研究热点。文章综述了钯膜的透氢原理、钯膜制备方法及钯膜反应器的研究进展。重点介绍了钯膜反应器在加氢、脱氢等反应中的应用,并对钯膜反应器的发展趋势进行了展望。     

浮法玻璃领域专利技术分析

文章分析了国内企业关于浮法玻璃申请量的排名,与浮法玻璃生产线的企业拥有量排名存在差异的原因。并以浮法玻璃生产线拥有量最多的前7家企业为研究对象,检索了该企业中专利申请的领域分布,研究了玻璃行业在当前形势下,发展自主知识产权、扩展玻璃深加工和应用技术的必要性。